State cooperation, challenges and theoretical perspectives from Essay

State collaboration, challenges and hypothetical points of view from authenticity and system investigation - Essay Example While the scholars attributed to the school of authenticity see strife as a standard between collaborations by nations, the advocates of universal system hold that participation is the characterizing variable to their way of thinking. Those attributed to the hypothesis expect that nations collaborate in different examples, for example, inside exchange, worldwide security just as inside the extent of human rights among different issues (Hercl, 1994, p. 64-66). The presence of global exchange require that the taking part states as players inside the exchange to be bound together in some way of collaboration (Litta, 2012, p. 45). Worldwide exchange squares are genuine guides to these relations between the individual nations who establish the players in global exchange. Other than exchange, some normal intrigue lead to participation between nations, which are, for example, the worldwide ecological preservation, rehearses just as the global joint efforts in security issues. It is subseque ntly the occasions of collaboration that by definition insinuate systems (Buzan, 1993, p. 328-330). Notwithstanding the hypothesis being slanted more onto the liberal view, half and half definitions draws out another part of the hypothesis as pragmatist approach places into viewpoint the neoliberal perspective in understanding the systems. As indicated by Drezner (2009), â€Å"The essential objective of neoliberal institutionalism was to exhibit that even in an anarchic world populated by states with inconsistent measures of intensity, organized collaboration was still possible† (65). The universal helpful associations, for example, the UN and others, which are entrusted with affirming the right establishments of rights to individuals. Different systems, notable over the globe, center around the regions that the collaborating states would resolve. Another definition to systems alludes to them as joined forces conduct, where they are clarified by consistency of practices, basi c standards or standards just as comparative standards (Hasenclever, et al, 2000, p. 3). In any case, presence in particular, of such perspectives as customary practices doesn't generally demonstrate the presence of a system. The general definition neglects to bind the comprehension of systems to completely regularized rules or examples of conduct between states. The intermingling of individual entertainers desires depict the verifiable systems with a case of a system being the ‘oil regime’ of the period between 1945 to 1970 which made out of regular exercises of oligopolistic related associations which were bound together by national strategy just as rules and had the mediation of the United States as a sovereign power. Regular guidelines and rules directed the collaboration of the nations in question while investigating, delivering just as promoting of the oil based commodities, which shaped the purpose of agreement in the system. National administrative systems just as market structures showed terms and states of flexibly that characterized this specific system (Haggard and Simmons, 1987, p. 491-495). Nations reluctant to consent to systems that administer different states inside a system would not shape some portion of this system. Notwithstanding, the

The Concern of Deforestation in Todays Society Essay -- Deforestation

Deforestation is a significant worry in today’s society. The annihilation of the world’s woodland regions are leaving a huge number of sections of land appalling. The fluctuated types of creatures and creepy crawlies that utilization to live and flourish from these woods are quickly getting wiped out. The decimation of the woods is likewise detrimentally affecting the individuals through relocation therefore driving them to look for new living housing. A large number of these individuals are loosing their legacy and societies leaving them with a feeling of sadness. The fruitless land left by deforestation is additionally causing numerous biological issues. Expanded flooding and soil disintegration are two of different issues confronting a few nations like China, Brazil, and the Philippines. To increase a superior comprehension of the huge importance of this issue maybe a gander at the past, present and future are required. Deforestation â€Å"Past† Since the very beginning people have utilized nature’s assets to exist. They have pursued for food, intoxicated the water, utilized creature stows away for garments and even utilized the timber for warmth and homes. It was not until the twentieth century that man started to understand the impacts of their gigantic utilization on the earth. In spite of the fact that staples like food and water are an issue in them selves, enormous scope logging carried deforestation to the bleeding edge.  · The World Rainforest Movement proposes that Western Europe, for instance, has lost more than 70 percent of its backwoods since Roman occasions and contends that completely 33% of â€Å"temperate broadleaved timberlands have been lost since the beginning of agriculture† (Elliott, 1998).  · In 1901 President Theodore Roosevelt alongside Gifford Pinchot and John Muir composed the principal pages of present day ecological history in the United States by moving natural preservation to the focal point of national motivation and pronouncing open supremacy over the countries assets (Shabecoff, 1993).  · In 1933 President Franklin Roosevelt supported his cousins convictions in the earth by including significant preservation projects and activities, for example, The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Soil Conservation Service, and the Tennessee Valley Authority into his New Deal changes (Theodore, Theodore 1996).  · The President’s Commission on Materials Policy in 1952 assessed that 90 percent of the virgin timber in the U.S. business timberlands had been cut, that reforestation ... ...ces that cause increasingly extreme natural effects or issues. The unanswered inquiry is climate such an expectation is sensible despite the indifferent, cost driven powers of worldwide markets and the truth that even the best creation forms today despite everything require the utilization of developing measures of materials, vitality and the proceeded with change of the scene for the extending human populace. References Elliott, Lorraine. 1998. The Global Politics of the Environment. New York, N.Y. New York University Press. Shabecoff, P.A. 1993. Furious Green Fire. New York, N.Y. Slope and Wang Mercuro, Nicholas. 1997. Environment, Law and Economics, Lanham, Maryland. College Press of America, Inc. U.S. Gathering on Environmental Quality. 1990. Ecological Quality 1990. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office Andrews, Richard N. L. 1999. Dealing with the Environment, Managing Ourselves. Binghamton, New York. Vail-Ballou Press Wagner, Richard H. 1998. Condition and Man (sixth ed.). New York, N.Y. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Theodore, Mary K., Theodore, Lewis. 1996. Major Environmental Issues Facing the 21st Century. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc. The Concern of Deforestation in Today's Society Essay - Deforestation Deforestation is a significant worry in today’s society. The demolition of the world’s timberland territories are leaving a huge number of sections of land dreadful. The shifted types of creatures and creepy crawlies that utilization to live and flourish from these woodlands are quickly getting wiped out. The demolition of the timberland is additionally detrimentally affecting the individuals through removal consequently constraining them to look for new living lodging. Huge numbers of these individuals are loosing their legacy and societies leaving them with a feeling of sadness. The infertile land left by deforestation is likewise causing numerous biological issues. Expanded flooding and soil disintegration are two of different issues confronting a few nations like China, Brazil, and the Philippines. To increase a superior comprehension of the enormous essentialness of this issue maybe a glance at the past, present and future are required. Deforestation â€Å"Past† Since the get-go people have utilized nature’s assets to exist. They have pursued for food, tanked the water, utilized creature stows away for dress and even utilized the timber for warmth and homes. It was not until the twentieth century that man started to understand the impacts of their huge use on the earth. Despite the fact that staples like food and water are an issue in them selves, huge scope logging carried deforestation to the cutting edge.  · The World Rainforest Movement proposes that Western Europe, for instance, has lost more than 70 percent of its timberlands since Roman occasions and contends that completely 33% of â€Å"temperate broadleaved backwoods have been lost since the beginning of agriculture† (Elliott, 1998).  · In 1901 President Theodore Roosevelt alongside Gifford Pinchot and John Muir composed the main pages of present day natural history in the United States by moving ecological protection to the focal point of national motivation and proclaiming open supremacy over the countries assets (Shabecoff, 1993).  · In 1933 President Franklin Roosevelt supported his cousins convictions in the earth by including significant preservation projects and ventures, for example, The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Soil Conservation Service, and the Tennessee Valley Authority into his New Deal changes (Theodore, Theodore 1996).  · The President’s Commission on Materials Policy in 1952 evaluated that 90 percent of the virgin timber in the U.S. business woods had been cut, that reforestation ... ...ces that cause increasingly extreme natural effects or issues. The unanswered inquiry is climate such an expectation is reasonable notwithstanding the generic, cost driven powers of worldwide markets and the truth that even the best creation forms today despite everything require the utilization of developing measures of materials, vitality and the proceeded with change of the scene for the extending human populace. References Elliott, Lorraine. 1998. The Global Politics of the Environment. New York, N.Y. New York University Press. Shabecoff, P.A. 1993. Savage Green Fire. New York, N.Y. Slope and Wang Mercuro, Nicholas. 1997. Biology, Law and Economics, Lanham, Maryland. College Press of America, Inc. U.S. Committee on Environmental Quality. 1990. Ecological Quality 1990. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office Andrews, Richard N. L. 1999. Dealing with the Environment, Managing Ourselves. Binghamton, New York. Vail-Ballou Press Wagner, Richard H. 1998. Condition and Man (sixth ed.). New York, N.Y. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Theodore, Mary K., Theodore, Lewis. 1996. Major Environmental Issues Facing the 21st Century. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

EP 05 Student Mental Health, Signs Solutions

EP 05 Student Mental Health, Signs Solutions EP 05: Student Mental Health, Signs, Symptoms, Strategies, and Solutions EP 05: Student Mental Health, Signs, Symptoms, Strategies, and Solutions Welcome to Episode #5 of The Homework Help Show. In this episode, we shifted gears and discussed student mental health. Our Host and Top Writer Cathe Anne discussed mental health, why its important, common mental health challenges, signs/symptoms and more. Strategies and resources to address mental health issues like anxiety and depression were provided. The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] My name is Cath Anne. I am weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. (To Instagram Viewers): Hi, CoachKaur and Danielli. This week we are going to talk about mental health. The last couple of weeks we focused mainly on discussing academic content. Week three we discussed how to create a killer thesis statement and then in week four we discussed how to do academic research appropriately. (To Instagram Viewer): Yes, we meet again Coach Kaur and the Neighborly Consultant. You guys are getting to be regulars. Cath Anne: [00:01:01] Im just going to confirm that I live on Facebook. I believe I am. This week we wanted to do a little bit more geared towards student life so we wanted to discuss specifically student mental health and go a little bit more in-depth because the first couple of weeks we briefly touched on getting into the routine of things as a student as well as how to take care of yourself. Cath Anne: [00:01:43] Mental health is such a major issue I wanted to go a little bit more in-depth into that topic especially since there have been a couple of articles that came out recently just before the university season started. Just before the season started I think it was around October or so, there were quite a few well three that I saw off the top of my head articles that came out. There was one in the Star, there was one in the Globe Mail, and there was one in the Guardian, I believe. Those are all Canadian publications. The articles were written around mental health and how there is this increasing dilemma with student mental health. The articles specifically focused on university students who are running into issues when they start university. These students realize that they are experiencing a mental health concern. As such the universities are having difficulty keeping up with the need for resources because there seemed to be an unprecedented number of students coming forward with some mental health concerns. In this case, I thought it would be appropriate to discuss mental health as it relates to university students. Cath Anne: [00:03:12] As Ive mentioned in the past my background is in social work. So it is something that I feel comfortable speaking about. Certainly, Im not going to indicate that I know everything on this topic or that I could even provide counseling or anything in this venue. But at the same time I can provide some resources and some information around specific mental health issues. So if that sounds good to you I hope that you will continue to view because I have some good content for us this week. Cath Anne: [00:03:52] First of all I wanted to get into some statistics. I think that when were talking about issues numbers can help to frame things. It is helpful to discuss how many people are actually affected by mental health concerns. Mental health indirectly affects everyone because at some point or other we are all going to come in contact with someone who has had a mental health concern or is currently experiencing something. Cath Anne: [00:04:26] So I think its really important to be aware that that is an issue and because mental illness is becoming less and less stigmatized especially in Canadian society. People are being more open about their experiences, which is great, but that means that we also have to be able to provide them with support in the appropriate ways if they do come forward and make note that they have a mental health concern. Cath Anne: [00:04:57] Most likely all of us have encountered someone who has a mental health issue whether they are explicit about it or not. To give you an idea, every year one in five Canadians experiences some kind of mental health condition whether its an extreme mental health condition. Extreme mental health issues are less prevalent statistically. Issues like anxiety and depression are more common. Just to note, mental health can affect anyone of any age. In my experience as a social worker I worked with young people had mental health diagnoses. I also worked with youth, people in their 20s as well as older people who all had these types of diagnoses. Mental health concerns really dont it really discriminate in terms of age. Approximately 8 percent of adults will experience some kind of major depression specifically in their adult life. Thats a pretty big proportion of our population that will go through a mental health condition at some point. So how common is it? These are a few more statistics I wont go to in depth but anxiety disorders affect 5 percent of the household population in Canada. Important to note is that suicide is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. Cath Anne: [00:06:43] Sometimes its difficult to talk about a topic like suicide but in my training and as many of you may know its important to discuss. Suicide is a reality and it is something that people experience. It is something that we need to discuss because if we dont then that silences peoples experiences and they may be less likely to come forward if theyre having those kinds of thoughts and less likely to get the support they need. So its important to bring that out in the open. Of course it is a myth that if you talk about suicide its going to be more likely for someone to go forward with their thoughts. That is a complete myth. If you talk about it actually opens the door to people being able to talk about it as well. So its really important that thats something that we do discuss although it might be a hard topic. I mean you may need some training around how to support someone but really when someone is having these kinds of feelings a lot of times what they need is so meone to listen to them and someone to give them the support they need. What I am saying comes from research and training in the field of social work. There is a program called ASIST. It is a suicide support training program that I took. The program training indicates that speaking out about suicide or asking someone directly if theyre having suicidal thoughts can actually help them to access the support they need. So that is all I will say with that for now but just wanted to make sure that we cover the importance of discussing suicide. Cath Anne: [00:08:48] As I mentioned mental health concerns could affect anyone. It can be a combination of biological, social, economic factors that culminate in an illness. Another important thing to note is that mental illness is an illness. Its just like any other illness. Its not just something that people feel in their own mind. Its a real legitimate illness and its something that should be treated as an illness. Sometimes people need to go on medication. Other times they dont and they can do counseling or learn other kinds of coping strategies like meditation. However, all of these strategies depend on the person and their experience of the illness. Cath Anne: [00:09:49] (To Instagram Viewers): I dont want to ramble on if anyone wants to jump in with any questions or anything. Im open to that as well. Im not sure this kind of is a heavy topic but I think its an important one to talk about in light of those articles that I read. Has anyone seen any of those articles in The Guardian or Globe and Mail? They just tell the stories of different students who have experienced mental health issues and I think its really powerful to share those stories especially in those larger publications so that people can be aware of those issues. I guess Ill just jump into the next topic. Cath Anne: [00:10:44] (To Instagram Viewer): Kaur, no I havent heard that depression would be the number one issue in 2020. Really? Where did you hear that? Did it give any statistics as to why that was the case? Instagram Viewer: [00:11:01] Social Work program a few years ago. More societal pressures. Cath Anne: [00:11:11] Oh Coach Kaur, were you in social work? Oh wow. Something in common. Amazing. . Cath Anne: [00:12:14] To move on, I wanted to go over some of the factors in students lives that could contribute to a mental health concern. So specifically when I was reading through some of the research they dont know there isnt really much evidence yet as to what causes people to experience a mental health issue in contemporary society because like I said its a combination of a variety of different factors and there seems to be an increase. The literature points to the fact that there is an increase in people experiencing mental health conditions. However, there are some theories out there and I wanted to talk about those in relation to student mental health in particular. Cath Anne: [00:13:13] So one of the factors which was cited in the literature is that when students are first beginning school for the first time as young people theyre leaving their family home for the first time and theyre transitioning to living on their own. That also means that theyre leaving their support network, theyre leaving their home that theyre used to being in, and they are faced with different pressures around trying to live on their own while trying to do a university degree as well. That transition can be really challenging to balance all at once. Keep in mind also that early adulthood is a time when people do develop mental health conditions. Onset of these conditions generally occurs in early adulthood, which is the time when people would be transitioning to university. So thats one of the factors, which has been cited. Cath Anne: [00:14:22] As well, substances such as alcohol and different drugs can be more prevalent in university lifestyles. It might be that it is a persons first time experimenting with drugs or alcohol and that can lead to exacerbating factors, which creates mental health condition if someone is vulnerable to developing a mental health condition. In addition to being away from their family in a new place and then if they do engage in substances and they have an underlying vulnerability that can result definitely in a mental health crisis or condition developing. People may feel isolated. They might not know where to access mental health support. They might not have those other networks like their family, their friends and a job that they might have left back home. Cath Anne: [00:15:25] So all of those factors can culminate to potentially trigger a mental health issue. Instagram Viewer: [00:15:33] A lot of alcohol reliance on the part of students to distress in my law school. Cath Anne: [00:15:40] Definitely. I would definitely agree with you there. Alcohol can be used to as a coping mechanism for a lot of people. If people are stressed they may resort to using alcohol as a means to cope with that. Then of course if theyre already stressed and anxious alcohol or drugs and mental health kind of butt heads and they dont go together very well. That can be the challenge because a lot of times you cant separate mental health and addictions. That isnt to say that drinking alcohol on occasion is an addiction. Certainly if you are having a lot of stress and youre using alcohol to cope with your stress it can become problematic. Cath Anne: [00:16:58] One of the resounding factors that came out in the research was the fact that mental health is becoming less stigmatized. I would suggest that that is true in relation to anxiety and depression. However, I think that other kinds of mental health conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder continue to be quite misunderstood because there are a lot more complex and they result in more kind of behavioral presentations which can be challenging. In terms of anxiety and depression I think that because they are more common people tend to relate to them and understand them a little bit better. In turn that means that people are accessing more support. The problem with that and that which was cited in these articles is that universities are having difficulty responding to the need for student support around mental health so theyre needing a lot more funding and a lot more dollars to be able to put towards providing thorough mental health services. As well when youre experiencing a mental health condition its not just going to go away by taking some medication and attending one counseling session. Its generally an ongoing process its something that you need to work out on a daily basis and develop positive coping mechanisms. Sometimes it can be quite tumultuous when youre figuring out how to balance your life with also experiencing a mental health condition. I think that its great that mental health or mental illness is becoming less stigmatized. But at the same time I think that theres a lot more research and resources that need to be provided to be able to address the issue on a holistic level. (To Instagram Viewer): You agree. Thank you Coach Kaur. Cath Anne: [00:19:21] I wanted to also discuss something thats very important which is how do you tell if its a mental health condition or if its just stress. As I mentioned I think in episode one or two we all experience stress is a natural reaction for the body to have. But at the same time when stress becomes too much and you are unable to cope youre unable to attend class on a regular basis. Or it starts to affect your daily activities that might be an indicator of a mental health condition. Now I want to make note, not everyone has a mental health condition or a diagnosable mental health problem but its very important to be aware of the factors which would contribute to a mental health condition. So you know if someone has left home for the first time they have a huge course load and they start drinking alcohol and then not participating in their volleyball club that they were really passionate about. There might be some red flags there that would indicate a mental health condit ion. Cath Anne: [00:20:33] So as I mentioned there are two kinds of major mental health conditions which were seeing more and more often which are anxiety and depression. They are separate conditions however they cant go together. So someone can experience bouts of anxiety and then bouts of depression. Sometimes a person may feel both sensations in the same day and they might be experiencing depression in the morning and then later on in the day they might experience anxiety. When those issues happen that would be considered a mood disorder. They may not be diagnosed with depression or anxiety they may have a mood disorder. Cath Anne: [00:21:28] I wanted to delineate the difference between the two. Anxiety is a group of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms such as fast heart rate and shakiness. So its kind of like chronic worry but more pronounced and anxiety can cause physical reactions, as I noted. It can also cause you know racing thoughts, thinking low of yourself, low self-esteem. Things like that can all go along with experiencing anxiety. . Cath Anne: [00:22:17] Second, I wanted to discuss two different types of depression. Theres major depression which is major depressive disorder is characterized by a fairly lengthy period of time at least two weeks during which a person feels sad or hopeless or lacks focus in life on a daily or almost daily basis. This condition is associated with many other symptoms, which can have repercussions emotionally, socially, professionally and in other significant areas of life. Both anxiety and depression can be very challenging disorders. Cath Anne: [00:22:53] There is also seasonal depression which is experienced a lot by people in the locations where there is not a lot of natural sunlight. So people will experience it during the wintertime. I know that where Im from here on the east coast we get a lot of gray. We dont have a lot of sunlight during the winter months so that can cause people to feel really down in the dumps and depressed. Thats called seasonal depression or SAD. It is actually quite common. Cath Anne: [00:23:30] SAD affects three to five percent of Canadian adults. As I noted anxiety and depression can be coexistent mental health conditions. In this sense, another factor which is important to recognize whether its a mental health condition or just general stress is that the condition lasts more than a week or two weeks if it is mental health related. Its usually a period of six months or so just because in order to get a diagnosis a lot of times it will have to last that long and have a lasting impact on your day to day functioning. Instagram Viewer: [00:24:22] All Toronto winters. Yes, I learned about SAD. Cath Anne: [00:24:25] Its a huge issue. I feel like more people on regular basis tell me that they experience it. And I dont know if thats like I said because were becoming more open to discussing those things or if its becoming more common. Its really hard to say. I think its a combination of a variety of factors for sure. Cath Anne: [00:24:58] Anxiety can kind of play out in different ways as well. You might experience nausea, trembling, fatigue, muscle tension, headache. In terms of more behavioral issues you might experience excessive worry, feelings of heightened stress, purposeful isolation. So youre staying away from social situations because youre having difficulty being in in social situations, difficulty sleeping. You many have insomnia because you cant stop thinking. You dont eat or you over eat to cope. Then of course as we discussed earlier that can also be exacerbated by the use of substances. Cath Anne: [00:25:45] Depression has some indications as well. A person may feel sad or hopeless. They might say they might express, Oh Im feeling sad or Im not feeling like myself right now or I dont feel like hanging out with my friends. They may say things like, I feel guilty or I feel like Im dragging everybody down and I feel like Im a burden. So those are things that might indicate that someone maybe isnt just having a down day. Maybe theyre experiencing depression. As well people often experience physical symptoms in relation to depression. So someone might not even realize theyre experiencing depression but they might have a really bad back pain or muscle aches. They might feel like theyre sick all the time or have headaches. Those can be indications of a mental health condition. So just be aware of that because some people dont actually experience any mental symptoms, although it is a mental disorder, it is presenting in their body. If someone has depression they might also feel like they cant get up off the couch they just want to lay around all day. They arent motivated to do things that they once loved to do. Depression also makes you feel differently. It makes you feel indecisive. You dont really care about what decision you want to make. It can affect your memory. You might start forgetting things every once in a while because youre just not invested in the day to day functions. Someone might express that theyre feeling like theyre moving in slow motion. Or that they cant catch up. They may feel like theyre not doing a good job. Like at work they might feel like theyre not putting their best foot forward or they might express that maybe they still are doing that but theyre having feelings of low self-esteem because depression is dragging them down. Instagram Viewer: [00:28:19] The mind body relation is true. Cath Anne: [00:28:19] (To Instagram Viewer): Coach Kaur, it is so true. Its so true. I feel like we dont give it enough credit sometimes because its so important to recognize that everythings connected. Instagram Viewer: [00:28:34] Loved this episode. Thanks a lot. Great information. Anxiety is tough for sure. Cath Anne: [00:28:39] Thanks The Neighbourly Consultant, I appreciate it. Anxiety is tough and I feel like we all kind of experience anxiety to some extent. Some people are fortunate enough not to experience it but I feel like a level of anxiety is part of being human in some ways. Thank you for the comment. So of course I wanted to give a few kind of strategies to address mental health conditions. Cath Anne: [00:29:12] My top recommendation or my top tip for this is really if you are experiencing one or more of any of the symptoms that I have made note of, if youre feeling not yourself if you feeling like you cant get off the couch, if youre feeling like youre not putting your best foot forward or youre down in the dumps all the time or youre crying excessively. If youre if you cant sleep on a regular basis or if youre over eating and maybe its not something you notice but maybe its something that you maybe a friend says something to you or maybe you just dont feel right. Cath Anne: [00:29:58] I highly recommend getting the support that you need. All that looks like is reaching out to a friend. But if its more serious if youre starting to have thoughts of suicide. If youre really feeling impaired, if youre feeling like you cant go to work in the morning or you cant go to class please, please access appropriate support. That might look like it going to your counselor on campus. All the universities specifically in Toronto have counseling services available on campus and you can go and access support and talk to a counselor. I cant emphasize enough how important it is and I know even though were starting to de-stigmatize mental health it can still be really scary to access support and to walk into an office and talk to someone but if youre having an issue with mental health and its really starting to get to you specifically if youre having thoughts of ending your own life, please get some support. You dont have to do it alone. You can reach out to a fri end and say listen Im having a really hard time can you come with me to the counseling place? If you have a good support network maybe use that because I cant emphasize enough how important it is to get support. Everyone deserves to be here. Everyone deserves to stay happy and healthy and live their lives in a happy and fruitful way. Instagram Viewer: [00:31:58] Those that dont have anything [mental health condition] think that people are making things up. Anxiety is looked down upon I believe. Cath Anne: [00:32:05] (To Instagram Viewer): Yes I would agree with you there, Coach Kaur. Anxiety can be looked down upon and depression as well. Cath Anne: [00:32:13] As Ive been saying it is becoming a little bit less of a stigma to having mental health, but youre right it can be scary to say that you have a mental health condition or youre experiencing anxiety or experiencing these feelings because it makes you feel very vulnerable. If you are if you are a person with anxiety it can almost make you more anxious to have to talk about it. So I think youre right, there are you know anxiety is still a challenging thing to explain to someone. So please accept support. As I noted just go on your universitys website and typing counseling mental health and resources should come up. Also, make sure youre pacing yourself if you are in university and youre taking five courses maybe consider taking a few less. Im not advocating withdrawing from courses but if its going to help you take care of yourself consider how you can lighten the load. There is no use in taxing yourself when you are going through something. You may need a little b it more space to pace yourself. Its really important to keep in mind. Cath Anne: [00:34:01] Also I find keeping a routine can be generally productive for people that are going through a mental health condition or experiencing a mental health issue because keeping a routine helps you have predictability. If youre someone that experiences anxiety then you wont have to worry as much about what your day is going to look like. Cath Anne: [00:34:33] If youre experiencing depression having a routine helps you get up in the morning and helps you not stay in bed all day when you have something to be accountable to. Cath Anne: [00:34:47] If you are experiencing any mental health issues try to avoid alcohol and drugs because they can only exacerbate the issue a lot of time. Although it is probably super tempting to engage in that kind of behavior it can just make things more difficult. So try to avoid indulging in alcohol and drugs. Cath Anne: [00:35:08] If you think that you are experiencing some kind of mental health problem and then make sure youre getting enough sleep so a lot of times when if someone is experiencing depression they might feel like theyre getting too much sleep. But thats the body telling you what it needs. So listen to your body if you feel like you need a lot of sleep. Then get some more sleep. Give yourself that space. With anxiety if youre not getting enough sleep at night. Just make sure that youre taking care of yourself and kind of compensating for that. Cath Anne: [00:35:47] Im going to wrap it up by saying that there are lots of resources out there if youre interested. I put some of the resources that I found on our Facebook link in the description so if you are experiencing a mental health crisis or going through something that you need support for please take a look at these resources. You can look up the Canadian Mental Health Association. They have tons and tons of information on this stuff. Cath Anne: [00:36:21] If you want to look a little bit more in-depth about whether you think you have anxiety or depression they have kind of a breakdown of some of the symptoms and signs to watch for on that website so check that out. Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada is another good resource. Health Canadas mental health section. Thats from the Government of Canada. Like, I said searching counseling on your university website is also a great option because a lot of times when youre a student and you pay tuition you can access counseling services for free and otherwise they are really quite expensive unless you go through public mental health. When youre paying for counseling out of pocket it can be anywhere from 100 to 150 dollars a session so take advantage of those resources while youre in university especially if youre going through something. There are also options for an option for crisis lines so if you are in an immediate crisis and youre feeling like you just need to talk to someone, there are a lot of phone lines that you can call a lot of 1 800 numbers just to talk to someone and they can refer you to an appropriate counselor. They can also give you some counseling over the phone and some support over the phone if you just need someone to talk to you right away. And I put those in our description in the Facebook Live description. Cath Anne: [00:38:04] Also, not to be too serious but I do think it is something that we need to be serious about. If you are having imminent thoughts of suicide or ending your own life please call 9 1 1. If you have a plan set in place make sure that you call 9 1 1 and access the support you need. We want you here and you need to get support because you deserve to still be here. Cath Anne: [00:38:32] I hope this has been helpful. (To Instagram Viewer): Coach Kaur, I see your back thank you for coming back even though your phone died. I appreciate your support. So that is all I have for this week. And I hope that is helpful. This is a topic, as you can tell, that Im very passionate about. Everyone deserves to be here. If sometimes it doesnt seem like life is worth it, remember that it is and we all want to here. So please if you need support access support. Thank you so much to everyone for joining us this week. We have a number of platforms that we are on now. So if youre interested in this content you can access it on Facebook and Facebook Live. Were also on Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram. Were on Google Plus and YouTube. Were on Medium. We contribute blog posts, I believe on a weekly basis, to Medium. We are also on SoundCloud and Anchor, iTunes and Google Play Music. So this session is recorded and provided on YouTube and then all of those podcasting platfo rms as well. Just look at up Homework Help Global The Homework Help Global Learning Studio and we will be there. If you do have any questions around any topics related to academics, student life, mental health, relationships, or personal lifestyle that we can give guidance on certainly give us a shout. You can use the hashtag #askHHG. Cath Anne: [00:41:04] You can also contact us through any of those other mediums as well Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter might be the most accessible for folks but I encourage you if you enjoy this content to check us out on YouTube. Give us a Like and Subscribe. Also like and subscribe on the other podcasting platforms such as SoundCloud and Anchor. I really appreciate you taking the time to join us this week. As a note this is something thats really near and dear to my heart and I appreciate the conversation and comments. As always I appreciate you being here. So thank you so much and I will see you next week. Take care. EP 05 Student Mental Health, Signs Solutions EP 05: Student Mental Health, Signs, Symptoms, Strategies, and Solutions EP 05: Student Mental Health, Signs, Symptoms, Strategies, and Solutions Welcome to Episode #5 of The Homework Help Show. In this episode, we shifted gears and discussed student mental health. Our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne discussed mental health, why its important, common mental health challenges, signs/symptoms and more. Strategies and resources to address mental health issues like anxiety and depression were provided. The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] My name is Cath Anne. I am weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. (To Instagram Viewers): Hi, CoachKaur and Danielli. This week we are going to talk about mental health. The last couple of weeks we focused mainly on discussing academic content. Week three we discussed how to create a killer thesis statement and then in week four we discussed how to do academic research appropriately. (To Instagram Viewer): Yes, we meet again Coach Kaur and the Neighborly Consultant. You guys are getting to be regulars. Cath Anne: [00:01:01] Im just going to confirm that I live on Facebook. I believe I am. This week we wanted to do a little bit more geared towards student life so we wanted to discuss specifically student mental health and go a little bit more in-depth because the first couple of weeks we briefly touched on getting into the routine of things as a student as well as how to take care of yourself. Cath Anne: [00:01:43] Mental health is such a major issue I wanted to go a little bit more in-depth into that topic especially since there have been a couple of articles that came out recently just before the university season started. Just before the season started I think it was around October or so, there were quite a few well three that I saw off the top of my head articles that came out. There was one in the Star, there was one in the Globe Mail, and there was one in the Guardian, I believe. Those are all Canadian publications. The articles were written around mental health and how there is this increasing dilemma with student mental health. The articles specifically focused on university students who are running into issues when they start university. These students realize that they are experiencing a mental health concern. As such the universities are having difficulty keeping up with the need for resources because there seemed to be an unprecedented number of students coming forward with some mental health concerns. In this case, I thought it would be appropriate to discuss mental health as it relates to university students. Cath Anne: [00:03:12] As Ive mentioned in the past my background is in social work. So it is something that I feel comfortable speaking about. Certainly, Im not going to indicate that I know everything on this topic or that I could even provide counseling or anything in this venue. But at the same time I can provide some resources and some information around specific mental health issues. So if that sounds good to you I hope that you will continue to view because I have some good content for us this week. Cath Anne: [00:03:52] First of all I wanted to get into some statistics. I think that when were talking about issues numbers can help to frame things. It is helpful to discuss how many people are actually affected by mental health concerns. Mental health indirectly affects everyone because at some point or other we are all going to come in contact with someone who has had a mental health concern or is currently experiencing something. Cath Anne: [00:04:26] So I think its really important to be aware that that is an issue and because mental illness is becoming less and less stigmatized especially in Canadian society. People are being more open about their experiences, which is great, but that means that we also have to be able to provide them with support in the appropriate ways if they do come forward and make note that they have a mental health concern. Cath Anne: [00:04:57] Most likely all of us have encountered someone who has a mental health issue whether they are explicit about it or not. To give you an idea, every year one in five Canadians experiences some kind of mental health condition whether its an extreme mental health condition. Extreme mental health issues are less prevalent statistically. Issues like anxiety and depression are more common. Just to note, mental health can affect anyone of any age. In my experience as a social worker I worked with young people had mental health diagnoses. I also worked with youth, people in their 20s as well as older people who all had these types of diagnoses. Mental health concerns really dont it really discriminate in terms of age. Approximately 8 percent of adults will experience some kind of major depression specifically in their adult life. Thats a pretty big proportion of our population that will go through a mental health condition at some point. So how common is it? These are a few more statistics I wont go to in depth but anxiety disorders affect 5 percent of the household population in Canada. Important to note is that suicide is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. Cath Anne: [00:06:43] Sometimes its difficult to talk about a topic like suicide but in my training and as many of you may know its important to discuss. Suicide is a reality and it is something that people experience. It is something that we need to discuss because if we dont then that silences peoples experiences and they may be less likely to come forward if theyre having those kinds of thoughts and less likely to get the support they need. So its important to bring that out in the open. Of course it is a myth that if you talk about suicide its going to be more likely for someone to go forward with their thoughts. That is a complete myth. If you talk about it actually opens the door to people being able to talk about it as well. So its really important that thats something that we do discuss although it might be a hard topic. I mean you may need some training around how to support someone but really when someone is having these kinds of feelings a lot of times what they need is so meone to listen to them and someone to give them the support they need. What I am saying comes from research and training in the field of social work. There is a program called ASIST. It is a suicide support training program that I took. The program training indicates that speaking out about suicide or asking someone directly if theyre having suicidal thoughts can actually help them to access the support they need. So that is all I will say with that for now but just wanted to make sure that we cover the importance of discussing suicide. Cath Anne: [00:08:48] As I mentioned mental health concerns could affect anyone. It can be a combination of biological, social, economic factors that culminate in an illness. Another important thing to note is that mental illness is an illness. Its just like any other illness. Its not just something that people feel in their own mind. Its a real legitimate illness and its something that should be treated as an illness. Sometimes people need to go on medication. Other times they dont and they can do counseling or learn other kinds of coping strategies like meditation. However, all of these strategies depend on the person and their experience of the illness. Cath Anne: [00:09:49] (To Instagram Viewers): I dont want to ramble on if anyone wants to jump in with any questions or anything. Im open to that as well. Im not sure this kind of is a heavy topic but I think its an important one to talk about in light of those articles that I read. Has anyone seen any of those articles in The Guardian or Globe and Mail? They just tell the stories of different students who have experienced mental health issues and I think its really powerful to share those stories especially in those larger publications so that people can be aware of those issues. I guess Ill just jump into the next topic. Cath Anne: [00:10:44] (To Instagram Viewer): Kaur, no I havent heard that depression would be the number one issue in 2020. Really? Where did you hear that? Did it give any statistics as to why that was the case? Instagram Viewer: [00:11:01] Social Work program a few years ago. More societal pressures. Cath Anne: [00:11:11] Oh Coach Kaur, were you in social work? Oh wow. Something in common. Amazing. . Cath Anne: [00:12:14] To move on, I wanted to go over some of the factors in students lives that could contribute to a mental health concern. So specifically when I was reading through some of the research they dont know there isnt really much evidence yet as to what causes people to experience a mental health issue in contemporary society because like I said its a combination of a variety of different factors and there seems to be an increase. The literature points to the fact that there is an increase in people experiencing mental health conditions. However, there are some theories out there and I wanted to talk about those in relation to student mental health in particular. Cath Anne: [00:13:13] So one of the factors which was cited in the literature is that when students are first beginning school for the first time as young people theyre leaving their family home for the first time and theyre transitioning to living on their own. That also means that theyre leaving their support network, theyre leaving their home that theyre used to being in, and they are faced with different pressures around trying to live on their own while trying to do a university degree as well. That transition can be really challenging to balance all at once. Keep in mind also that early adulthood is a time when people do develop mental health conditions. Onset of these conditions generally occurs in early adulthood, which is the time when people would be transitioning to university. So thats one of the factors, which has been cited. Cath Anne: [00:14:22] As well, substances such as alcohol and different drugs can be more prevalent in university lifestyles. It might be that it is a persons first time experimenting with drugs or alcohol and that can lead to exacerbating factors, which creates mental health condition if someone is vulnerable to developing a mental health condition. In addition to being away from their family in a new place and then if they do engage in substances and they have an underlying vulnerability that can result definitely in a mental health crisis or condition developing. People may feel isolated. They might not know where to access mental health support. They might not have those other networks like their family, their friends and a job that they might have left back home. Cath Anne: [00:15:25] So all of those factors can culminate to potentially trigger a mental health issue. Instagram Viewer: [00:15:33] A lot of alcohol reliance on the part of students to distress in my law school. Cath Anne: [00:15:40] Definitely. I would definitely agree with you there. Alcohol can be used to as a coping mechanism for a lot of people. If people are stressed they may resort to using alcohol as a means to cope with that. Then of course if theyre already stressed and anxious alcohol or drugs and mental health kind of butt heads and they dont go together very well. That can be the challenge because a lot of times you cant separate mental health and addictions. That isnt to say that drinking alcohol on occasion is an addiction. Certainly if you are having a lot of stress and youre using alcohol to cope with your stress it can become problematic. Cath Anne: [00:16:58] One of the resounding factors that came out in the research was the fact that mental health is becoming less stigmatized. I would suggest that that is true in relation to anxiety and depression. However, I think that other kinds of mental health conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder continue to be quite misunderstood because there are a lot more complex and they result in more kind of behavioral presentations which can be challenging. In terms of anxiety and depression I think that because they are more common people tend to relate to them and understand them a little bit better. In turn that means that people are accessing more support. The problem with that and that which was cited in these articles is that universities are having difficulty responding to the need for student support around mental health so theyre needing a lot more funding and a lot more dollars to be able to put towards providing thorough mental health services. As well when youre experiencing a mental health condition its not just going to go away by taking some medication and attending one counseling session. Its generally an ongoing process its something that you need to work out on a daily basis and develop positive coping mechanisms. Sometimes it can be quite tumultuous when youre figuring out how to balance your life with also experiencing a mental health condition. I think that its great that mental health or mental illness is becoming less stigmatized. But at the same time I think that theres a lot more research and resources that need to be provided to be able to address the issue on a holistic level. (To Instagram Viewer): You agree. Thank you Coach Kaur. Cath Anne: [00:19:21] I wanted to also discuss something thats very important which is how do you tell if its a mental health condition or if its just stress. As I mentioned I think in episode one or two we all experience stress is a natural reaction for the body to have. But at the same time when stress becomes too much and you are unable to cope youre unable to attend class on a regular basis. Or it starts to affect your daily activities that might be an indicator of a mental health condition. Now I want to make note, not everyone has a mental health condition or a diagnosable mental health problem but its very important to be aware of the factors which would contribute to a mental health condition. So you know if someone has left home for the first time they have a huge course load and they start drinking alcohol and then not participating in their volleyball club that they were really passionate about. There might be some red flags there that would indicate a mental health condit ion. Cath Anne: [00:20:33] So as I mentioned there are two kinds of major mental health conditions which were seeing more and more often which are anxiety and depression. They are separate conditions however they cant go together. So someone can experience bouts of anxiety and then bouts of depression. Sometimes a person may feel both sensations in the same day and they might be experiencing depression in the morning and then later on in the day they might experience anxiety. When those issues happen that would be considered a mood disorder. They may not be diagnosed with depression or anxiety they may have a mood disorder. Cath Anne: [00:21:28] I wanted to delineate the difference between the two. Anxiety is a group of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms such as fast heart rate and shakiness. So its kind of like chronic worry but more pronounced and anxiety can cause physical reactions, as I noted. It can also cause you know racing thoughts, thinking low of yourself, low self-esteem. Things like that can all go along with experiencing anxiety. . Cath Anne: [00:22:17] Second, I wanted to discuss two different types of depression. Theres major depression which is major depressive disorder is characterized by a fairly lengthy period of time at least two weeks during which a person feels sad or hopeless or lacks focus in life on a daily or almost daily basis. This condition is associated with many other symptoms, which can have repercussions emotionally, socially, professionally and in other significant areas of life. Both anxiety and depression can be very challenging disorders. Cath Anne: [00:22:53] There is also seasonal depression which is experienced a lot by people in the locations where there is not a lot of natural sunlight. So people will experience it during the wintertime. I know that where Im from here on the east coast we get a lot of gray. We dont have a lot of sunlight during the winter months so that can cause people to feel really down in the dumps and depressed. Thats called seasonal depression or SAD. It is actually quite common. Cath Anne: [00:23:30] SAD affects three to five percent of Canadian adults. As I noted anxiety and depression can be coexistent mental health conditions. In this sense, another factor which is important to recognize whether its a mental health condition or just general stress is that the condition lasts more than a week or two weeks if it is mental health related. Its usually a period of six months or so just because in order to get a diagnosis a lot of times it will have to last that long and have a lasting impact on your day to day functioning. Instagram Viewer: [00:24:22] All Toronto winters. Yes, I learned about SAD. Cath Anne: [00:24:25] Its a huge issue. I feel like more people on regular basis tell me that they experience it. And I dont know if thats like I said because were becoming more open to discussing those things or if its becoming more common. Its really hard to say. I think its a combination of a variety of factors for sure. Cath Anne: [00:24:58] Anxiety can kind of play out in different ways as well. You might experience nausea, trembling, fatigue, muscle tension, headache. In terms of more behavioral issues you might experience excessive worry, feelings of heightened stress, purposeful isolation. So youre staying away from social situations because youre having difficulty being in in social situations, difficulty sleeping. You many have insomnia because you cant stop thinking. You dont eat or you over eat to cope. Then of course as we discussed earlier that can also be exacerbated by the use of substances. Cath Anne: [00:25:45] Depression has some indications as well. A person may feel sad or hopeless. They might say they might express, Oh Im feeling sad or Im not feeling like myself right now or I dont feel like hanging out with my friends. They may say things like, I feel guilty or I feel like Im dragging everybody down and I feel like Im a burden. So those are things that might indicate that someone maybe isnt just having a down day. Maybe theyre experiencing depression. As well people often experience physical symptoms in relation to depression. So someone might not even realize theyre experiencing depression but they might have a really bad back pain or muscle aches. They might feel like theyre sick all the time or have headaches. Those can be indications of a mental health condition. So just be aware of that because some people dont actually experience any mental symptoms, although it is a mental disorder, it is presenting in their body. If someone has depression they might also feel like they cant get up off the couch they just want to lay around all day. They arent motivated to do things that they once loved to do. Depression also makes you feel differently. It makes you feel indecisive. You dont really care about what decision you want to make. It can affect your memory. You might start forgetting things every once in a while because youre just not invested in the day to day functions. Someone might express that theyre feeling like theyre moving in slow motion. Or that they cant catch up. They may feel like theyre not doing a good job. Like at work they might feel like theyre not putting their best foot forward or they might express that maybe they still are doing that but theyre having feelings of low self-esteem because depression is dragging them down. Instagram Viewer: [00:28:19] The mind body relation is true. Cath Anne: [00:28:19] (To Instagram Viewer): Coach Kaur, it is so true. Its so true. I feel like we dont give it enough credit sometimes because its so important to recognize that everythings connected. Instagram Viewer: [00:28:34] Loved this episode. Thanks a lot. Great information. Anxiety is tough for sure. Cath Anne: [00:28:39] Thanks The Neighbourly Consultant, I appreciate it. Anxiety is tough and I feel like we all kind of experience anxiety to some extent. Some people are fortunate enough not to experience it but I feel like a level of anxiety is part of being human in some ways. Thank you for the comment. So of course I wanted to give a few kind of strategies to address mental health conditions. Cath Anne: [00:29:12] My top recommendation or my top tip for this is really if you are experiencing one or more of any of the symptoms that I have made note of, if youre feeling not yourself if you feeling like you cant get off the couch, if youre feeling like youre not putting your best foot forward or youre down in the dumps all the time or youre crying excessively. If youre if you cant sleep on a regular basis or if youre over eating and maybe its not something you notice but maybe its something that you maybe a friend says something to you or maybe you just dont feel right. Cath Anne: [00:29:58] I highly recommend getting the support that you need. All that looks like is reaching out to a friend. But if its more serious if youre starting to have thoughts of suicide. If youre really feeling impaired, if youre feeling like you cant go to work in the morning or you cant go to class please, please access appropriate support. That might look like it going to your counselor on campus. All the universities specifically in Toronto have counseling services available on campus and you can go and access support and talk to a counselor. I cant emphasize enough how important it is and I know even though were starting to de-stigmatize mental health it can still be really scary to access support and to walk into an office and talk to someone but if youre having an issue with mental health and its really starting to get to you specifically if youre having thoughts of ending your own life, please get some support. You dont have to do it alone. You can reach out to a fri end and say listen Im having a really hard time can you come with me to the counseling place? If you have a good support network maybe use that because I cant emphasize enough how important it is to get support. Everyone deserves to be here. Everyone deserves to stay happy and healthy and live their lives in a happy and fruitful way. Instagram Viewer: [00:31:58] Those that dont have anything [mental health condition] think that people are making things up. Anxiety is looked down upon I believe. Cath Anne: [00:32:05] (To Instagram Viewer): Yes I would agree with you there, Coach Kaur. Anxiety can be looked down upon and depression as well. Cath Anne: [00:32:13] As Ive been saying it is becoming a little bit less of a stigma to having mental health, but youre right it can be scary to say that you have a mental health condition or youre experiencing anxiety or experiencing these feelings because it makes you feel very vulnerable. If you are if you are a person with anxiety it can almost make you more anxious to have to talk about it. So I think youre right, there are you know anxiety is still a challenging thing to explain to someone. So please accept support. As I noted just go on your universitys website and typing counseling mental health and resources should come up. Also, make sure youre pacing yourself if you are in university and youre taking five courses maybe consider taking a few less. Im not advocating withdrawing from courses but if its going to help you take care of yourself consider how you can lighten the load. There is no use in taxing yourself when you are going through something. You may need a little b it more space to pace yourself. Its really important to keep in mind. Cath Anne: [00:34:01] Also I find keeping a routine can be generally productive for people that are going through a mental health condition or experiencing a mental health issue because keeping a routine helps you have predictability. If youre someone that experiences anxiety then you wont have to worry as much about what your day is going to look like. Cath Anne: [00:34:33] If youre experiencing depression having a routine helps you get up in the morning and helps you not stay in bed all day when you have something to be accountable to. Cath Anne: [00:34:47] If you are experiencing any mental health issues try to avoid alcohol and drugs because they can only exacerbate the issue a lot of time. Although it is probably super tempting to engage in that kind of behavior it can just make things more difficult. So try to avoid indulging in alcohol and drugs. Cath Anne: [00:35:08] If you think that you are experiencing some kind of mental health problem and then make sure youre getting enough sleep so a lot of times when if someone is experiencing depression they might feel like theyre getting too much sleep. But thats the body telling you what it needs. So listen to your body if you feel like you need a lot of sleep. Then get some more sleep. Give yourself that space. With anxiety if youre not getting enough sleep at night. Just make sure that youre taking care of yourself and kind of compensating for that. Cath Anne: [00:35:47] Im going to wrap it up by saying that there are lots of resources out there if youre interested. I put some of the resources that I found on our Facebook link in the description so if you are experiencing a mental health crisis or going through something that you need support for please take a look at these resources. You can look up the Canadian Mental Health Association. They have tons and tons of information on this stuff. Cath Anne: [00:36:21] If you want to look a little bit more in-depth about whether you think you have anxiety or depression they have kind of a breakdown of some of the symptoms and signs to watch for on that website so check that out. Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada is another good resource. Health Canadas mental health section. Thats from the Government of Canada. Like, I said searching counseling on your university website is also a great option because a lot of times when youre a student and you pay tuition you can access counseling services for free and otherwise they are really quite expensive unless you go through public mental health. When youre paying for counseling out of pocket it can be anywhere from 100 to 150 dollars a session so take advantage of those resources while youre in university especially if youre going through something. There are also options for an option for crisis lines so if you are in an immediate crisis and youre feeling like you just need to talk to someone, there are a lot of phone lines that you can call a lot of 1 800 numbers just to talk to someone and they can refer you to an appropriate counselor. They can also give you some counseling over the phone and some support over the phone if you just need someone to talk to you right away. And I put those in our description in the Facebook Live description. Cath Anne: [00:38:04] Also, not to be too serious but I do think it is something that we need to be serious about. If you are having imminent thoughts of suicide or ending your own life please call 9 1 1. If you have a plan set in place make sure that you call 9 1 1 and access the support you need. We want you here and you need to get support because you deserve to still be here. Cath Anne: [00:38:32] I hope this has been helpful. (To Instagram Viewer): Coach Kaur, I see your back thank you for coming back even though your phone died. I appreciate your support. So that is all I have for this week. And I hope that is helpful. This is a topic, as you can tell, that Im very passionate about. Everyone deserves to be here. If sometimes it doesnt seem like life is worth it, remember that it is and we all want to here. So please if you need support access support. Thank you so much to everyone for joining us this week. We have a number of platforms that we are on now. So if youre interested in this content you can access it on Facebook and Facebook Live. Were also on Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram. Were on Google Plus and YouTube. Were on Medium. We contribute blog posts, I believe on a weekly basis, to Medium. We are also on SoundCloud and Anchor, iTunes and Google Play Music. So this session is recorded and provided on YouTube and then all of those podcasting platfo rms as well. Just look at up Homework Help Global The Homework Help Global Learning Studio and we will be there. If you do have any questions around any topics related to academics, student life, mental health, relationships, or personal lifestyle that we can give guidance on certainly give us a shout. You can use the hashtag #askHHG. Cath Anne: [00:41:04] You can also contact us through any of those other mediums as well Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter might be the most accessible for folks but I encourage you if you enjoy this content to check us out on YouTube. Give us a Like and Subscribe. Also like and subscribe on the other podcasting platforms such as SoundCloud and Anchor. I really appreciate you taking the time to join us this week. As a note this is something thats really near and dear to my heart and I appreciate the conversation and comments. As always I appreciate you being here. So thank you so much and I will see you next week. Take care.

New Urbanism Planning and Design

New Urbanism is an urban planning and design movement that began in the United States in the early 1980s. Its goals are to reduce dependence on the car, and to create livable and walkable, neighborhoods with a densely packed array of housing, jobs, and commercial sites. New Urbanism also promotes a return to the traditional town planning seen in places such as downtown Charleston, South Carolina and Georgetown in Washington, D.C. These locations are ideal for New Urbanists because in each one there is an easily walkable Main Street, a downtown park, shopping districts and a gridded street system. History of New Urbanism In the beginning of the 19th century, development of American cities often took a compact, mixed-use form, reminiscent of that found in places like old town Alexandria, Virginia. With the development of the streetcar and affordable rapid transit, however, cities began to spread out and create streetcar suburbs. The later invention of the automobile further increased this decentralization from the central city which later led to separated land uses and urban sprawl. New Urbanism is a reaction to the spreading out of cities. The ideas then began to spread in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as urban planners and architects started to come up with plans to model cities in the U.S. after those in Europe. In 1991, New Urbanism developed more strongly when the Local Government Commission, a nonprofit group in Sacramento, California, invited several architects, including Peter Calthorpe, Michael Corbett, Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk among others, to Yosemite National Park to develop a set of principles for land use planning that focused on the community and its livability. The principles, named after Yosemites Ahwahnee Hotel where the conference was held, are called the Ahwahnee Principles. Within these, there are 15 community principles, four regional principles and four principles of implementation. Each one, however, deals with both past and present ideas to make cities as clean, walkable and livable as possible. These principles were then presented to government officials in late 1991 at the Yosemite Conference for Local Elected Officials. Shortly thereafter, some of the architects involved in creating the Ahwahnee Principles formed the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) in 1993. Today, CNU is the leading promoter of New Urbanist ideas and has grown to over 3,000 members. It also holds conferences yearly in cities across the U.S. to further promote New Urbanism design principles. Core New Urbanist Ideas Within the concept of New Urbanism today, there are four key ideas. The first of these is to ensure that a city is walkable. This means that no resident should need a car to get anywhere in the community and they should be no more than a five-minute walk from any basic good or service. To achieve this, communities should invest in sidewalks and narrow streets. In addition to actively promoting walking, cities should also de-emphasize the car by placing garages behind homes or in alleys. There should also only be on-street parking, instead of large parking lots. Another core idea of New Urbanism is that buildings should be mixed both in their style, size, price, and function. For example, a small townhouse can be placed next to a larger, single family home. Mixed-use buildings such as those containing commercial spaces with apartments over them are also ideal in this setting. Finally, a New Urbanist city should have a strong emphasis on the community. This means maintaining connections between people with high density, parks, open spaces and community gathering centers like a plaza or neighborhood square. Examples of New Urbanist Cities Although New Urbanist design strategies have been tried in various places across the U.S., the first fully developed New Urbanist town was Seaside, Florida, designed by architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. Construction began there in 1981 and almost immediately, it became famous for its architecture, public spaces, and quality of streets. The Stapleton neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, is another example of New Urbanism in the U.S. It is on the site of the former Stapleton International Airport and construction began in 2001. The neighborhood is zoned as residential, commercial and office and will be one of the largest in Denver. Like Seaside, it too will de-emphasize the car but it will also have parks and open space. Criticisms of New Urbanism Despite the popularity of New Urbanism in the recent decades, there have been some criticisms of its design practices and principles. The first of these is that the density of its cities leads to a lack of privacy for residents. Some critics claim that people want detached homes with yards so they are further away from their neighbors. By having mixed density neighborhoods and possibly sharing driveways and garages, this privacy is lost. Critics also say that New Urbanist towns feel inauthentic and isolated because they do not represent the norm of settlement patterns in the U.S. Many of these critics often point to Seaside as it was used to film portions of the film The Truman Show and as a model of Disneys community, Celebration, Florida. Finally, critics of New Urbanism argue that instead of promoting diversity and community, New Urbanist neighborhoods only attract affluent white residents as they often become very expensive places to live. Regardless of these criticisms though, New Urbanist ideas are becoming a popular form of planning communities and with a growing emphasis on mixed-use buildings, high density settlements, and walkable cities, its principles will continue into the future.

Basic Commodities ( Agricultural Products And Mines

1. While the descriptions on basic commodities (agricultural products and mines) are kept low, tariffs increased as the processing rate increased 2. Tariffs on products that can not be produced indoors, that can be produced less or that can not increase production will be kept low,the tariffs will be kept high for products that are potentially or competing with imported products. 3. Tariffs will be high in consumer goods, low in investment goods. 4. In the country, products that have just begun to produce and show development potential will be put on a high tariff. 5. Low tariffs on products with strong exports and their raw materials. 6. In sectors where production is stagnant, underdeveloped, and not likely to have future potential,†¦show more content†¦These sectors were supported by means such as subsidies, tax advantages, low interest loans, import tariffs, protection and restriction of foreign investments. The policy of blocking foreign investment as a means of protection was initiated during the American occupation and continued until the late 1960s after the occupation. (Komiya and Itoh (1988; p.177) ve Okimoto (1989; p. 27). As a result, foreign companies unable to manufacture in Japan had to license their technology to Japanese companies. (Okimoto (1989; p. 27). MITI was a member of the Japanese Foreign Capital Negotiation Commission. Foreign investors had to get permission from this commission. Debt-type capital inflows and license agreements were allowed more easily than direct investments. (Yà ¼lek (1997; p. 65) This was in line with the technological development desires of both MITI and Japa nese companies. The Japanese government has also kept its companies in the domestic market, import quotas and tariffs (Komiya and Itoh (1988; s.177). 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Moral Responsibility Free Essays

Naina Navni Professor Adams UCWR 110 21 October 2010 Moral Responsibility America would not be where it is without the laws that have been placed and the citizens who follow the laws. In order for this to happen the knowledge and acceptance of the laws are needed to establish order. African Americans had been secluded in the past through harsh laws of segregation. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Responsibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although many believe disobeying the law is morally wrong and if disobeyed a punishment should follow, Martin Luther King’s profound statement, â€Å"One has the moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws† (King 420) leads to greater justice for all which is also supported by King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† Jefferson’s â€Å" The Declaration of Independence,† and Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address. † â€Å"I am in Birmingham because injustice is here,† wrote Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , in his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† (King 416). Eight Alabama clergymen composed a statement urging restraint in the Civil Rights movement and the discontinuance of demonstrations in Birmingham. The clergymen explained that progress could best be achieved through negotiation and through the court system and suggested that direct action would only make the situation worse. In response to this statement, Martin Luther King, Jr. composed his famous â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† to explain why he was active in civil rights demonstrations, primarily because of the failure of the courts and negotiation to address the issue of civil rights effectively. One of King’s most important and most extended arguments begins with the  distinction between just and unjust laws. He begins by stating one has a legal and a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. â€Å"I would agree with St. Augustine that an unjust law is no law at all† (King 420). A distinction is made that an unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law and by contrast, any law that uplifts human personality is just. Through these definition King can elaborate on his claim he developed earlier, â€Å"Segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality,† to draw a central conclusion which condemns segregation statutes as unjust (King 420). Any law that degrades human personality is unjust and all segregation statutes are unjust because segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality. Therefore this supports his conclusion, â€Å"Segregation gives the segregator a false sense of superiority and the segregated a false sense of inferiority† (King 420). Segregation is morally wrong and sinful, therefore action was needed to be taken to prevent it. In the second phase of this argument, King redefines â€Å"unjust law† in such a way as to intersect the democratic argument seen developed in Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence. King begins his argument by stating what defines an unjust versus just law. â€Å"An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal . . . a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made legal . . . a law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority that, as a result of being denied the right to vote, had no part in enacting or devising the law† (King 421). The segregation laws were enacted by the Alabama legislature, representatives to which Negroes did not vote for because they were denied the right to vote brings up a question â€Å"Can any law enacted under such circumstances be considered democratically structured? † (King 421). Such laws are not democratically structured, therefore such laws are unjust. After King clearly demonstrated that segregation laws are unjust, it follows the immediate opening premise, â€Å"One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws† that we are obliged to disobey segregation laws (King 420). King shines a new light on the disobedience of the law by expressing his belief that â€Å"An individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law† (King 421). This therefore means that conscientious disobedience of an unjust law, especially with the intention of overturning injustice, shows the highest respect for the law, where just law is supposed to derive from natural law and God’s moral order. King’s language here echoes Jefferson, but particularly in the Declaration of Independence where Jefferson argues that governments exist to protect basic human rights, â€Å"Deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed† (Jefferson 437). At time it appears that the letter might even surpass the Declaration of Independence in its importance and value, as the letter speaks on behalf of all Americans as a unified â€Å"we† (Ess). Lincoln’s famous â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† given in 1865, exemplifies what King tries to explain in his letter. The main message gained is that all men are created equal, therefore segregation laws should not exist (Ess). Lincoln’s speech laid the foundation for others, such as King, to continue to work hard to abolish segregation and discriminative treatment. King’s use of logos, appeals to our logic or reasoning and gives his own example of how segregation affected his life. Once, he was randomly arrested for walking around without a walking permit. Another example, an elderly black woman states, â€Å"My feets is tired but my soul is at rest† (King 430). He mentions that the old woman’s statement is grammatically incorrect, and emphasizes her lack of education and his awareness of it. He draws attention to this fact to point out that even the uneducated know and sense the magnitude of the injustice of segregation. Also, in quoting this elderly woman, King’s appeal includes an appeal to the emotions. His use of imagery of this elderly woman with tired feet, we feel for her in that she is old and must endure this march to fight for something she should already have. The laws denied the rights of the elderly woman because of her race, hence the law being unjust, which King believes is fair not to follow. The main problem that was occurring in society was segregation. Similarities between King’s letter to the â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† are visible as both documents strive for the same goal: equality. If a law is morally wrong and unjust, then it is our responsibility to disobey it. King argues his point in a variety of ways, particularly the example of the elderly black woman complaining about the pain in her feet from the march and how King points out the grammatical errors in her speech which show her lack of education, yet still understands that segregation happening, knows it is wrong, and wants it to end. Works Cited Danner, Natalie, and Mary Kate. Paris. â€Å"King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail. † Mercury Reader: a Custom Publication. New York: Pearson Custom Pub. , 2009. 412-31. Print. Danner, Natalie, and Mary Kate. Paris. â€Å"Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address. † Mercury Reader: a Custom Publication. New York: Pearson Custom Pub. , 2009. 434-35. Print. Danner, Natalie, and Mary Kate. Paris. â€Å"Jefferson’s The Declaration of Independence. † Mercury Reader: a Custom Publication. New York: Pearson Custom Pub. , 2009. 436-40. Print. Ess, Dr. Charles. â€Å"King’s Letter from the Birmingham Jail. † Drury University, Springfield, Missouri. Web. 16 Oct. 2010. . How to cite Moral Responsibility, Papers

John Morgan Plumbing Prominence and Progress

Questions: 1. You must advise specifically on the continuing use of the words John Morgan Plumbing in the name of any proposed trading format you recommend. 2. Explain why you chose your recommended trading format with particular reference to the considerations outlined above and how your choice can facilitate the achievement of these objectives. Answers: 1. John Morgan has built his business as a sole proprietorship and gained a lot of prominence and progress. He has always traded as John Morgan Trading and the businesss name has become and household name going by the fact that it has obtained successful contracts for a number of major public sector developments. He has also increased the workforce to more than twenty people as well as a number of vehicles for transporting the plumbing personnel and equipments. A business name is also known as the trading name. It is the title under which a company or any other legal entity trades with. A business name, not only identifies the business to the customers, it also allows the business entity to differentiate itself from its competitors (Gregg, 2004 p50). It also helps the customers to make an emotional connection to a business brand, products and services. The business name is the most valuable asset of majority of businesses. In this particular case, we see a sole proprietor using his own name as the business name; many of his clients know his company by the name John Morgan Plumbing. That is a brand that cannot just be wished away because it has already marketed itself to a great extent. John Morgan should consider the growing nature of his company and adopt a more manageable trading format that will ensure a continued growth and expansion of his business. However, he should maintain the business name because it is more convenient to work with an established brand name rather than incur costs of registering a new name and marketing it from scratch. It is important to note that companies change their names often to reflect the arising market changes or due to conflicts in copyrights. There are huge multinationals that once changed their names and eventually triumphed in the market after very aggressive marketing campaigns. For instance, Nissan was once known as Datsun, LG was known as Lucky and Gold star while Xerox was initially known as Halloid Company (Spadaccini, 2004 p24). John Morgans company is unique in the sense that it deals with plumbing services rather than tangible products. A service business or a company derives its reputation from the quality of services being offered. In this particular case, the quality of plumbing services is closely tied to John Morgan who is the sole owner. Changing that name would complicate the companys prospects of going concern. It is expensive to change the companys name. Changing the name of the business would require John Morgan to change the marketing materials, stationary, signage and business cards. In addition, he would have to overhaul the companys website as well as the domains name. A change on companys name would also require a change in the design of the logo as well as conduct a new market research for the new name. It is more advantageous for John Morgan to retain his original business name in order to maintain the trusted brand as the company expands. Such a company needs a robust name to maintain its original clients and networks. It would also be costly to register a new company bearing in mind the legal factors associated with the exercise. Changing a company name would require the owner to conduct a trademark of the new name and register the companys new name as a trademark. John Morgan would also have to obtain new employer identification number and submit the final tax returns to the IRS. By changing the company name, it would require the company owner to inform their bank and update their legal documentation including the articles of association. It is crucial for Morgan to retain the original company name because it is a small growing company and will not need any legal or tax advice. Brand equity is another added value for retaining the initial companys name rather than changing it. Many people including the clients, suppliers and customers are familiar with John Morgan Plumbing. When that name changes, definitely the company would lose its brand equity in the sense that not everyone will be familiar with the new name. For instance, John Morgan Plumbing had already built a good reputation in the plumbing industry and built some worthy networks. It is advantageous to retain the same name because the company is widely known by that name. Otherwise it would be very difficult to inform the loyal customers of the change of name whereby some will not necessarily associate themselves with the new name. Building a new reputation from scratch is an uphill task and would require the use of some substantial amount of resources (Martin, 2010 p73). It is also not logic to abandon an established brand in favour of a new one. Even though the company has expanded so well and increased the numbers of employees, vehicles, operations etc, it is still a small company. Changing a name of such a company can sometimes be very disruptive. For instance, changing the companys name, designing the logos and materials can take up a good deal of time for the employees. Such a change would require reworking of marketing materials and contacting customers of the changes made. The entire process may end up translating into loss of productivity as well as lowering of employees morale. Sometimes the employees may not support the change of companys name and doing so would result to less productivity. The advantage of maintaining an established brand name is to allow employees ample time to focus on their work and to continue building the company brand rather than to concentrate on implementing the changes (Schneeman, 2012 p8). John Morgan Plumbing should retain that particular business name. However, they should adopt a trading format of a private company limited by shares in order to effectively manage the company as it expands to become a huge company. Being a sole proprietor, John Morgan may find it difficult to effectively manage the growing number of employees and companys operations by his own. Bearing g in mind that he still wants to maintain effectiveness of his business, he would still do so as the majority shareholder in the company. 2. The Irish Company Act 2014 underwent significant changes to create several types of Limited liability Companies. One of them was private companies limited by shares (LTDs). I prefer the trading format of a LTD because it provides an organization structure that enhances effective management. A Private Company Limited by Shares can be managed either by the owners or by the managers. Such a company can be managed by one director and Morgan has an opportunity to grow his business as a company while at the same time maintaining the control and autonomy in decision making of the company. Unlike corporations, LTDs are an operating agreement where the owners create rules that govern the business (Mancuso, 2015 p16). It is easier to form a private company limited by shares and maintain a good legal standing. John Morgan Plumbing would be do well as LTD especially at this time when it is expanding and growing to be a big company. It requires the attention of John Morgan to oversee a major t ransformation in terms of restructuring, management and delivery of plumbing services to the clients. It also requires his attention into further marketing of the company. Benefits of Choosing LTD as the Appropriate Trading Format of John Morgan Plumbing A private company limited by shares does not have a limit for the number of owners it can have. It can be either be owned by one member or many members. This element is in line with John Morgan desire to remain in control of his plumbing business. He will not have to lose the shareholding of the business because he has an option of remaining the sole owner while at the same time running the business as a LTD (Bevans, 2006 p89). Similarly, a Company Limited by shares for John Morgan Plumbing is an ideal trading format regarding taxation purposes. Just like sole proprietorship, the incomes from the LTD are treated as personal incomes for the business owner. In that regard, they are not subject to certain federal taxations for which corporations are liable. Taxes are not paid at the business level but rather at an individual level. The tax returns are therefore reported on the owners personal income. For John Morgan, this is an ideal trading format because it is almost the same as the sole proprietorship and John Morgan will still remain the sole owner of the company and will be in total control of the business. Creation of a Private Company Limited by Shares helps to affirm to the customers, employees, partners, traders and suppliers that the company has made a formal commitment to the business. John Morgan Plumbing is currently a sole proprietorship and the business owner is directly liable for the companies liabilities because its a personal business. However, if he adopts a trading format of that of LTD, then he will be a distinct individual untied to the company. In fact the company is regarded as a legal person distinct from the owner. The owner is not liable or responsible for the business debts. Every transaction for the company will be done on behalf of the company and not for John Morgan. This is an ideal format of doing business because it disassociates personal finances of the business owner to those of the company. It is an easier format to expand the business and to access credit. It is also an easier format for negotiating business deal with other entities as well as with the suppliers, creditors and debtors. For instance, the creditors cannot pursue the personal accounts of John Morgan to recover the business debts because he is a distinct person from the busi ness. In that regard, his personal assets are not vulnerable from the business debts. For a business expanding in such a fast phase, it is prudent to separate private and family life from the business in order to embark on a strategic management of business in terms of marketing, production, service delivery and brand management. Under the new trading format, John Morgan will be in a better position to restructure the companys processes including delegation of duties, designing the communication structures and defining specific roles and responsibilities of specific workers and managers. He will also be in a better position to seek consultancy services for the company on legal matters, management, marketing and services. He will also be in a better position to create or modify his companys service brands for particular market segments depending on the market needs. This will be a recipe for expanding the business because every worker will have a set of defined roles and responsibilities. Such a trading format will instil discipline in the workplace because the company will have a set of companys mission statement, vision and objectives. Workers will be expected to work as a team whereby they will have a shared vision all working to meet the set objectives. This will go down to enhanced plumbing services to the respective clients. The company will be in a better position to monitor its operations and to identify the hard and smart working employees who can be used to further the companys good reputation for purposes of continued excellent delivery of plumbing services. A LTD is also an ideal format for John Morgan Plumbing because it will be seeking to do business with big organizations, government and other institutions. Big organizations such as institutions and government departments prefer to deal with reputable companies rather than an individual because aspects of professionalism are given priority. We have seen that John Morgan Plumbing had already obtained some contracts for major public sector developments as a sole proprietor. The success and reputation of this business will not only rely on its previous performance, but also on the measures taken to improve the companys future engagements with other businesses. The objective of any business is to have a going concern and for such a booming plumbing business, the prospects of doing well in future lies on the kind of trading format they adopt at the moment. For a huge business, sole proprietorship would not be a viable business model because it would overstretch the management efforts of t he business owner. It is in this regard that we say that a private company limited by shares is the best model that would guarantee John Morgan Plumbing a going concern. Formation of a LTD will of course require some expenses and fees to file the Articles of Organization within the state. The fee used is more than that of the sole proprietor. However, the benefits of this new model are far bigger than the registration fees. Going with the fact that John Morgan was very eager to retain the control of the business, LTD provides that platform because unlike the corporations where one can sell shares, it is difficult to transfer an LTD. It is the prerogative of the owner to approve any addition of new owners or to alter ownership percentages. It is also important to acknowledge the fact that an LTD requires very simple legal process and is easy to manage especially when the owners are few. In this particular case, the owner is one and decision making process can be fast and strategic. It would not require setting up of long boardroom meetings to arrive to a decision because John Morgan can solicit competent advice from managers and consultants to make in formed decisions regarding the business. I therefore, believe that an LTD is the best trading format that John Morgan Plumbing should adopt while at the same time maintaining the initial business name. Bibliography Bevans, N. R., 2006. Business Organizations and Corporate Law. Illustrated ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. Available at: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=87G4yWVkehACprintsec=frontcoverdq=Bevans,+N.+R.,+2006.+Business+Organizations+and+Corporate+Law.hl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false Mancuso, A., 2015. Form Your Own Limited Liability Company. Berkeley: Nolo Martin, A. R., 2010. Limited Liability Company and Partnership Answer Book. Alphen aan den Rijn : Aspen Publishers. Available at: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=Nt_NyGiLXV8Cpg=SL10-PA8dq=Limited+Liability+Company+and+Partnership+Answer+Bookhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Limited%20Liability%20Company%20and%20Partnership%20Answer%20Bookf=false Schneeman, A., 2012. The Law of Corporations and Other Business Organizations. 6, illustrated ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. Available at: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=lnoy85p0Pr0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=The+Law+of+Corporations+and+Other+Business+Organizationshl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=The%20Law%20of%20Corporations%20and%20Other%20Business%20Organizationsf=false Spadaccini, M., 2004. Ultimate Book of Forming Corps, LLCs, Partnerships Sole Proprietorships. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies,Incorporated. https://www.cro.ie/Registration/Business-Name